Wednesday, May 23, 2012

Banks

In general, bank means an institution that accepts deposits in different accounts and provides loan of different type. Many changes have taken place in the functions of a bank from the initial stage of its development to present day. There are many types of a bank at present day, which do not accept deposits such as central bank and industrial bank. The earlier definitions of bank relates mainly to commercial banks
The commercial bank is the oldest form of bank. In general, the term bank is used to mean a commercial bank. This type of bank was initially established to provide short term loans to the traders. Hence, this bank is called commercial bank. There is considerable change in the original form of commercial bank.
It is very difficult to give definition to any particular subject matter.It is really a difficult task to expess and give meaning of any subject matter in different ways. There are no similarities to all scholars’ definitions. However, we find they have include the essential points. Some renewed scholars that most of them have defined bank as follows: According to Prof. Kinley, “Bank is an establishment which makes to individuals such advances of money or other means of payment as may be required and safely made and to which individuals entrust money or means of payments not required and safely made and to which individuals entrust money or means of payments as may be required and safely made and According to World Bank, “Banks are financial institutions accepting deposits and granting loans; offers the widest menu of services of any financial institutions.’’
According to Peter S Rose, “Bank is a financial intermediary accepting deposits and granting loans; offers the widest menu of services of any financial institutions.’’
Hence, the bank that collect deposits, advance loans and provide wide range of financial services are called commercial banks. The profit maximization is the main objective of the bank.
The bank has started in Italy in 12th century as a public bank. The first public bank. The first public bank was the Bank of Venice established In 1157. After that Bank of Barcelona was established in 1401, and Bank was established.In reality, the history of modern joint stock banks were established in England only in 1833. The Banque de France was established in other parts of the world.
In Nepal the system of granting loan was prevalent from ancient time. In 14th century, a class of people called “Tankadhari” used to exchange money and provide loans. The Tejarath office established in 19th century used to give loans to government employees. But the banking in Nepal has started in real sense with the establishment of Nepal Bank Ltd, in 1937. Rastriya Banijya Bank was established as a fully government owned commercial bank in 1966. With the initiation of economic liberalization in the country entry restriction on banking business was lifter. Consequently, so far 15 other private sector and joint venture have been established.

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